fibromyalgia and nutrition

O PAPEL DA NUTRIÇÃO NA FIBROMIALGIA

 

O termo fibromialgia significa dor nos músculos e estruturas conjuntivas fibrosas (ligamentos e tendões). Essa condição é denominada “síndrome” porque existe um complexo de sinais e sintomas clínicos que se associam de forma a configurar o quadro característico, que pode ser causado por diferentes processos fisiopatológicos. Leia este artigo para saber o que é e qual o papel da nutrição nesta síndrome.

O que é fibromialgia?

A fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome complexa e multifatorial caracterizada por dor crônica generalizada e uma constelação de manifestações somáticas e psicológicas, incluindo fadiga, rigidez articular, distúrbios do sono, depressão, ansiedade, distúrbios gastrointestinais e cognitivos. A doença pode surgir em qualquer idade, com prevalência em mulheres. 

Atualmente, nenhum gene predisponente foi encontrado, mas foi relatado que vários fatores ambientais, como traumas psicológicos e físicos ou certas infecções, podem desencadear o desenvolvimento e influenciar a gravidade da fibromialgia através de mecanismos epigenéticos.

A nutrição pode ter efeitos na fibromialgia?

Os pesquisadores levantam a hipótese de um uso potencialmente benéfico de probióticos no tratamento da fibromialgia porque houve vários estudos para apoiar a ingestão de vitaminas e minerais na FM. Neste sentido, a evidência científica centra-se principalmente nas vitaminas D, C e E e nos minerais, como o Magnésio e o Ferro. Em particular, algumas evidências sugerem que a suplementação de vitamina D deve ser considerada no tratamento da FM, tendo em conta o facto de cerca de 40% dos indivíduos com FM terem sido notificados com deficiência de vitamina D.

Vitaminas antioxidantes como a vitamina C e a vitamina E podem desempenhar um papel benéfico no tratamento de certos sintomas típicos da FM, uma vez que são úteis para preservar as funções cerebelares, a memória, as respostas emotivas e também a função muscular.

Em relação ao estado mineral, as deficiências de magnésio foram amplamente associadas à inflamação de baixo grau, fraqueza muscular e parestesia, que são sintomas típicos da FM. Um estudo recente mostrou que a baixa ingestão de magnésio na dieta está correlacionada com a piora dos parâmetros do limiar de dor em pacientes com FM.

healthy food

Quais são os benefícios de uma dieta específica?

Dietas específicas podem ser úteis para corrigir eventuais deficiências nutricionais. As estratégias nutricionais mais levadas em consideração são a dieta mediterrânea, a dieta vegetariana, a dieta sem glúten e a dieta hipocalórica.

  • Dieta mediterrânea . Entre os padrões alimentares mencionados acima, há poucas evidências disponíveis sobre os possíveis efeitos benéficos da dieta mediterrânea na FM.
  • Dieta vegetariana. Por outro lado, as dietas vegetarianas são caracterizadas por grandes quantidades de alimentos vegetais ricos em fibras, vitaminas, minerais e elementos antioxidantes, levando à hipótese de que esse padrão alimentar possa exercer efeitos analgésicos em pacientes com FM, devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias e à ausência ( ou redução) de proteínas animais.
  • Dieta sem glúten. Uma observação importante é a correlação entre FM e dieta isenta de glúten, para melhora dos sintomas gastrointestinais. Pacientes com FM geralmente apresentam sintomas gastrointestinais que se sobrepõem significativamente a vários distúrbios relacionados ao glúten, como náusea, dor abdominal, fadiga, cansaço, dor crônica e distúrbios de humor, sugerindo uma possível coexistência de sensibilidade não celíaca ao glúten nesses pacientes.
  • Restrição calórica. Por fim, a restrição calórica é sugerida como uma estratégia vencedora para a redução do peso corporal, situação que certamente desempenha um papel importante em algumas doenças relacionadas à inflamação.

E comida específica?

Além disso, alguns alimentos, como o azeite e produtos de grãos antigos, foram considerados pelos efeitos benéficos naturais que poderiam trazer à fibromialgia.

extra virgin olive oil

  • O azeite virgem extra é capaz de trazer benefícios à doença ao explorar o poder antioxidante, bem como a capacidade de proteger DNA, proteínas e lipídios de danos causados ​​pela exposição a espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS). , que por sua vez estão aumentados em pacientes com FM.
  • Entre os grãos antigos, o Khorasan tem chamado a atenção pelo maior teor de macro e microelementos, em especial magnésio, fósforo, potássio, selênio e zinco, além de carotenóides e polifenóis, em comparação aos grãos modernos. trigo.
  • É útil consumir alimentos que sejam capazes de alcalinizar o ambiente intestinal e conter inflamações, como vegetais em geral, frutas e em particular frutas vermelhas > com alto teor de antioxidantes.
  • Outro aspecto importante é melhorar a microbiota intestinal com a ingestão de probióticos e prebióticos, de forma a evitar que microrganismos nocivos, favorecidos pelo aumento da permeabilidade intestinal típico da fibromialgia, se apoderem ou envolvam outros órgãos.
  • É importante limitar a ingestão de refrigerantes, bebidas açucaradas e coquetéis devido ao teor de açúcar. Preste atenção à cafeína, presente nas bebidas e no café. Eles podem ser apreciados por muitos pacientes que sofrem de fibromialgia como uma importante fonte de energia imediata para combater a fadiga, mas correm o risco de ficar cansados ​​assim que o efeito estimulante temporário passa.

 

Quer mais informações sobre o papel da nutrição na fibromialgia? Entre em contato com nossos nutricionistas experientes. Agende já seu treinamento nutricional gratuito .

 


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